Event: Designing Mobility for Democracy

Enrique Peñalosa, Mayor of Bogota, believes transportation is “a political and not a technical issue.If this is the case then how do we design innovative and efficient transit systems in democracies?  In countries where private property rights are not as strong and participatory planning is not the norm, local governments are able approach transportation planning as almost purely a technical issue.  This is often the approach in Chinese cities.  However, cities in more democratic nations have the added layers of politics to plan for.

The Institute for Public Knowledge at New York University will attempt to address these issues as they host a workshop on Designing Mobility for Democracy: the Role of Cities. The workshop will examine the role of governance in making cities fairer and more democratically accountable to its citizens by examining recent innovations in Cape Town, London, Bogota, Seattle and New York.  Find more information about the workshop here.

Apr 14, 2011 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM NYU, Kimmel Center, Eisner & Lubin Auditorium. 60 Washington Square South New York. 4th Floor

Speakers Include:

Urbanization News March 25

This weeks featured story: New York City’s grid turns 200 years old! Hippodamus of Miletus, the ancient Greek urban planner, viewed the urban grid  as a manifestation of “the rationality of civilized life.” Urban historian Edward K. Spann believes unlike no other city in the world, “was the triumph of the grid as decisive as in America’s greatest city.”  How has New York City’s grid shaped your urban experience?

NYC Grid Turns 200 “Two hundred years ago on Tuesday [March 22], the city’s street commissioners certified the no-frills street matrix that heralded New York’s transformation into the City of Angles — the rigid 90-degree grid that spurred unprecedented development, gave birth to vehicular gridlock and defiant jaywalking, and spawned a new breed of entrepreneurs who would exponentially raise the value of Manhattan’s real estate.” Read more from the New York Times and see an interactive map.

Lagos to Expand BRT System “Lagos, Nigeria’s bus rapid transit (BRT) system, established in 2008, will expand its services more than 13 miles from Oshodi to Ikorodu… Since its inception three years ago, the BRT between Mile 12 and CMS stations has transported 170 million passengers and reduced travel times by 30 minutes, The Daily Independent reports. Furthermore, the BRT decreased fares by 40 percent and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 13 percent. The system also resulted in 2,000 direct and 3,000 indirect employment, contributing to economic growth and poverty reduction…”  Read more from The City Fix.

A petition to save Chandigarh, Le Corbusier’s modernist city in India, from being sold off bit-by-bit “With the knowledge of—and in some cases, it is asserted, the complicity of—local ministries, furniture, light fixtures, and architectural drawings have been auctioned off in the international antiquities market. The news the city’s iconic Corbusier-designed manhole covers were fetching upward of US $20,000 at auction in Europe and the United States raised alarms in international modernist preservation and Indian heritage circles. International Herald Tribune design critic Alice Rawsthorn has begun a petition to save the city from further plunder.” Read more from domus.

Kaohsiung Public Transit Push “In 2006, Kaohsiung City recorded a paltry 4.3 percent share for public transportation usage. In the years since, the Kaohsiung City government launched an ambitious plan to increase ridership in Taiwan’s second largest urban area…. Once a culture of public transportation ridership is firmly established, the government will begin to implement policies to discourage specific private transportation options.”  Read more from The City Fix.

Ranking the World’s Mass Transit Systems

Have you ever wondered what the best mass transit systems in the world are?  Most New Yorkers would agree that we do not have the cleanest system in the world, nor the most efficient system given recent MTA service cuts and constant construction.  However New York certainly does have the busiest and more efficient public transit system in the US.  One way of ranking mass transit is by scheme volume of passengers. The following list from Wikipedia ranks the busiest systems by annual ridership:

  1. Japan Tokyo Subway 3.160 billion (2009)
  2. Russia Moscow Metro 2.392 billion (2009)
  3. South Korea Seoul Subway2.048 billion (2009)
  4. People's Republic of China Beijing Subway 1.595 billion (2010)
  5. United States New York City Subway 1.579 billion (2009)
  6. France Paris Métro 1.479 billion (2009)
  7. Mexico Mexico City Metro 1.414 billion (2009)
  8. Hong Kong Hong Kong MTR 1.41 billion (2010)
  9. People's Republic of China Shanghai Metro 1.3 billion (2009)
  10. People's Republic of China Guangzhou Metro 1.18 billion (2010)

Perhaps annual ridership though is not the best way to compare systems, since so many systems may be efficient but they can not cover operating costs.  The following ticket price comparison from This Big City, shows London as the most expensive but also one of the very few systems that covers operating costs.  This Big City also notes that out the 135 metro corporations in the world, only four are making operational profits: Singapore, Taipei, Hong Kong and Delhi.

Besides being one of the few profitable systems in the world, Hong Kong’s MTR also has over 7 million daily riders and 90% of all traveling within the city is done by mass transit.  After traveling quite frequently on the MTR in January, and after also experiencing transit systems in New York, Washington DC, Boston, Singapore, Manila, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Curitiba, Sao Paulo and Delhi, I have to agree with Environmental Graffiti by also ranking Hong Kong’s MTR as the best mass transit system in the world.  (Of course though I am not a mass transit expert!)

- Melissa

Urbanization News Roundup March 11

This weeks featured story is by  South African Patrick Magebhula, who once was a slum dweller and now is the chair of the Informal Settlement Network (ISN).  ISN is a “broad network of informal settlement organizations which brings together poor communities, city-wide and nationally, to share concerns and develop solutions.”  Read more about Patrick’s inspiring work below.

From slum survivor to urban planner “In the 1980s and 1990s we invaded land to create settlements that now house formal communities with services, legal tenure and housing development. We have worked with all levels of the government to give the urban poor a voice. Working with communities we have driven home the need to save money, collect information and upgrade. As the government shifts to an incremental approach to upgrading informal settlements, communities are preparing the ground for this historic possibility. Upgrading can take place only with the communities as partners.”

Rio Transit Cars over Favelas “The slums of Rio de Janeiro—the infamous favelas—pile onto and up and over the city’s iconic steep hillsides… There’s nowhere for public transit to go. Nowhere, that is, but up. That’s the direction for the newest transportation system in Rio, slated to open in March: a six-station gondola line running above a collection of favelas known as the Complexo do Alemão. The government says that 152 gondolas will carry 30,000 people a day along a 2.1-mile route over the neighborhood, transforming the hour-and-a-half trudge to a nearby commuter rail station into a 16-minute sky ride.”

China Just Won SimCity With Censorship-Bypassing 3D Baidu Maps “China has repeatedly prevented Google Maps from providing maps of China because the government would like the right to censor landmarks and locations… So what does China do instead? Have Baidu—the most popular search engine there—provide a 3D pixel art version instead. The result is amazing… Instead of just using simple blocky, textureless models of buildings, Baidu’s version is actual, realistic pixel-art version of the buildings.”

Pune’s Metro Rail Moves Forward, Faces Roadblocks Ahead “The Maharashtra Government approved the Pune Metro Rail a couple of weeks ago, but critics are still concerned about whether or not the project is a suitable solution for Pune’s traffic problems. Last month, the Pune Municipal Corporation’s initial enthusiasm for a new metro system was temporarily dampened by some revealing studies on the metro rail proposal. [The study] found weak statistical analysis, faulty data, less than thorough decision-making, and a more pressing need for improvements to the city’s non-motorized transportation facilities.”

Siemens unveils new model for green urban planning “Siemens Taiwan has recently unveiled its “Future Smart Building for Energy Interactive Model,” aiming to incorporate intelligent and green designs into urban… This model will demonstrate how building energy consumption can be transformed from demand-based to supply-based, depending on the availability of renewable energy.”